Pangasinan is supposed to have gotten its name from its famous
gourmet product, a coarse, pinkish sea salt (asin) praised by
discriminating cooks all over the world. Pangasinan, depending on your
informant, means either “land of salt” or “place where salt is made.”
But it seems that the province also contributes some enduring
legends that should rightfully be taken with a grain of salt. First we
have Urduja, who is believed to have been a 14th-century,
Turkish-speaking amazon princess. Although debunked by historians, her
name proudly remains on one of the buildings in the provincial Capitol
and elsewhere in the country.
The other legend from Pangasinan is that the first Mass—or, to be
specific, the first Christmas Mass—was celebrated somewhere on the
coast of Bolinao in 1324! This assertion further complicates the issue
of the first Mass or Masses brought by the Magellan expedition in 1521.
An interesting detail in this story is that the Mass was
officiated by the Franciscan Odoric of Pordenone (c. 1286-1331), who
travelled to Asia in the 14th century, and who also planted the first
Christmas tree in the Philippines in 1324! It is not only the first Mass
that is at issue here but also the Christmas tree, which became popular
in Europe only in the 19th century and was probably brought to the
Philippines in the early 20th century by the Americans.
I would like to think that the idea of the Christmas tree was
actually brought to the Philippines in 1886 by Jose Rizal. We have two
primary-source documents to support this claim: a manuscript containing
Hans Christian Andersen tales that Rizal translated into Tagalog to
delight his nephews and nieces; and a letter Rizal wrote in Berlin in
November 1886 to his eldest sister Neneng (Saturnina) and her husband
Maneng (Manuel Hidalgo).
Written in Rizal’s legible hand, “Ang Puno ng Pino,” the sad tale
of a little fir tree, is illustrated with two spot drawings of a
Christmas tree. In his letter to Neneng, the hero narrated that he
attended religious services both in Catholic and Protestant churches. He
even visited Jewish synagogues. “Everything that can teach me something
interests me,” he said, “so that I can bring to the Philippines the
best that I find here.”
In this letter, Rizal mentioned the Christmas traditions he encountered in Spain and Germany. On the Christmas tree he wrote:
“There are some beautiful and good [German] customs, like
Christmas, which gives me pleasure to describe here for it is not found
in Spain and you have not read about it in Spanish books. On Christmas
Eve they bring from the forest a pine tree, and this tree is chosen
because, besides being erect, it is the only tree that keeps its leaves
during winter—I say it badly; not really leaves, but a kind of needle.
It is decorated with tinsel, paper, lights, dolls, candy, fruits,
dainties, etc., and at night time, it is shown to the children (who
should see the preparation of it), and around this tree the family
celebrates Christmas.”
Then Rizal described kissing under the mistletoe:
“They say, and I have also read it, that in England there is
another custom which is for older persons. In certain parts of the house
is hung a twig of mistletoe or gui in French. When a young man and
woman find themselves under it and he does not kiss her, he must pay a
fine or give her a present. For this reason, many young men stroll in
the streets carrying a twig of mistletoe. When they see a pretty girl,
they approach her and kiss her. When she looks up and sees the mistletoe
held over her head by the mischievous young man, she smiles, keeps
quiet, and says nothing. This is very English.”
Rizal concluded by comparing Spanish and
German customs to state that Christmas in the Philippines was ruined by
too much praying:
“The only custom I have seen in Madrid,
which perhaps we have adopted, is eat a fish called besugo and roast
turkey, which shows that the Spaniards do not indulge in poems for
children and young people, or as the vulgar expression goes, they do not
beat around the bush. They attend more to the positive, or the stomach.
And Carambas! they would say; let us amuse ourselves and let children
and young people seek their own amusement as best they can. They do
seek their own diversion, with the result that the children and young
people in Spain lack the charming innocence and candor of those in the
North [of Europe], without malice, without great preoccupations. A good
young woman can walk alone in the streets until 10 or 11 o’clock at
night without being molested. A pretty girl, educated and rich, can
travel safely for leagues and leagues alone with her handbag and
luggage. This is because here [in Germany] they know how to give age its
due, unlike in other countries where children are not allowed to be
themselves, to make noise or to play. Instead, they are made to recite
the rosary and novena until the poor youngsters become very sleepy and
understand nothing of what is going on. Consequently, when they reach
the age of reason, they pray just as they have prayed when they were
children without understanding what they are saying; they fall asleep
and think of nonsense. Nothing can destroy a thing more than the abuse
of it, and praying can also be abused.”
Tuesday, December 25, 2012
The first Christmas tree in the Philippines
12:42 PM